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- WORLD, Page 37POLANDOut of the Political Desert
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- The opposition gains leverage
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- When so-called round-table talks between the Polish regime
- and the Solidarity-led opposition began last month, few
- observers expected a quick breakthrough. At issue was the
- political price the government would pay to win support for
- economic austerity measures. Last week, to just about everyone's
- surprise, the negotiators disclosed that they had agreed on a
- thorough reorganization of the political system. The reform
- would include the creation of a senate to complement the
- existing lower house, or Sejm, with members chosen in free
- elections, as well as the institution of a powerful presidency,
- with the officeholder selected by parliament. Said Jacek Kuron,
- a leader of the banned Solidarity trade union: "This is a step
- toward democracy, the like of which has never been taken before
- under this system."
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- If the accord is carried out, it will mark the first time
- a Communist government has voluntarily ceded a major share of
- power to the opposition. Not only would Solidarity and other
- opposition groups be free to compete for seats in the 98-member
- senate, but there would also be liberalized elections to the
- Sejm in which non-Communists could win up to 35% of the 460
- seats. The two chambers would then elect the President. Details
- of the pact will not be unveiled until April 3, but both sides
- have already agreed to June parliamentary elections.
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- Still, the Communists are not about to yield their
- pre-eminent place. The most likely candidate for the post of
- President is General Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the
- Communist party. Said government negotiator Janusz Reykowski:
- "Nowhere do elections contest that system. That would threaten
- the stability of the state."
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- The pact could still falter on the question of economic
- reform. Solidarity wants wages to be indexed to the inflation
- rate, currently 70%, and price increases for food and other
- necessities to be introduced gradually. Even so, said Solidarity
- representative Bronislaw Geremek, "after 45 years in a political
- desert, we suddenly find ourselves in a completely new
- situation."
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